Pipeline Wall Thickness Assessment of Various Material Grades and Water Depths Using American and Norwegian Standards
نویسندگان
چکیده
Two standards that are widely used by many countries in designing offshore gas transmission pipelines American Standard – ASME B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems Norwegian DNVGL-ST-F101, Submarine Pipeline System. A thorough understanding of these is vital determining optimal pipeline design to ensure integrity for safe sustainable operations, as well striving economic efficiency. This study aims evaluate the wall thickness required designs using under different steel grades water depth conditions. costs then compared both at each condition commercial evaluation. Through this, standard can be determined. Mathcad software was data analysis accordance with mentioned all requirements including pressure containment, collapse, propagation buckling. Ultimately, Standards able provide a total cost 2.5% lower than project combination shallow, medium, deepwater depths along its route. However, medium shallow further reduce 2% only Standard. highlights importance considering several instead strictly adhering single better technical benefit.
منابع مشابه
synthesis of amido alkylnaphthols using nano-magnetic particles and surfactants
we used dbsa and nano-magnetic for the synthesis of amido alkylnaphtols.
15 صفحه اولpatterns and variations in native and non-native interlanguage pragmatic rating: effects of rater training, intercultural proficiency, and self-assessment
although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...
15 صفحه اولassessment of deep word knowledge in elementary and advanced iranian efl learners: a comparison of selective and productive wat tasks
testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...
diagnostic and developmental potentials of dynamic assessment for writing skill
این پایان نامه بدنبال بررسی کاربرد ارزیابی مستمر در یک محیط یادگیری زبان دوم از طریق طرح چهار سوال تحقیق زیر بود: (1) درک توانایی های فراگیران زمانیکه که از طریق برآورد عملکرد مستقل آنها امکان پذیر نباشد اما در طول جلسات ارزیابی مستمر مشخص شوند; (2) امکان تقویت توانایی های فراگیران از طریق ارزیابی مستمر; (3) سودمندی ارزیابی مستمر در هدایت آموزش فردی به سمتی که به منطقه ی تقریبی رشد افراد حساس ا...
15 صفحه اولassessment of the efficiency of s.p.g.c refineries using network dea
data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...
ذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Jurnal Kejuruteraan
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2289-7526', '0128-0198']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(6)-14